List of two important Laws on tax passed by the National Assembly on December 10, 2025

The National Assembly passed two important tax laws at the 10th Session of the 15th National Assembly on December 10, 2025 , including:

1. Law No. 108/2025/QH15 on Tax Administration

The 2025 Law on Tax Administration consists of 9 chapters and 53 articles and takes effect from July 1, 2026, with many notable new provisions, including:

- Supplementing provisions clearly specifying taxpayers as foreign organizations and individuals (Article 2), including:

• Foreign organizations and foreign individuals that conduct business activities in Vietnam or have income arising in Vietnam, who are taxpayers in accordance with tax provisions;
• Foreign organizations and foreign individuals conducting business activities on e-commerce platforms or other digital platforms, who are taxpayers in accordance with tax provisions.

- Classifying taxpayers for management purposes based on specific criteria (Article 3), including:

• Industry, sector, specific characteristics, and modes of operation;
• Legal form and ownership structure;
• Scale of operation, revenue scale, and state budget contributions;
• Level of compliance and compliance history with tax provisions.

- Supplementing provisions on tax declaration for e-commerce business activities of business households and individuals (Article 13):

If business activities are conducted on e-commerce platforms or other digital platforms that have online ordering and payment functions, the operators of such platforms (domestic or foreign) shall be responsible for withholding, declaring, and paying taxes on behalf of business households and business individuals;

If business activities are conducted on e-commerce platforms or other digital platforms that do not have online ordering and payment functions, business households and business individuals shall directly declare, calculate, and pay taxes in accordance with regulations.

2. Law No. 109/2025/QH15 on Personal Income Tax

The 2025 Law on Personal Income Tax consists of four chapters and 25 articles and takes effect from July 1, 2026. Provisions relating to income from business activities and income from salaries and wages of resident individuals apply from the 2026 tax period.

The 2025 Law on Personal Income Tax introduces many notable provisions, including:

Supplementing types of taxable personal income specified in Article 3, including:

• Income from agency activities, brokerage, and business cooperation with organizations;
• Income from e-commerce business activities and business activities based on digital platforms;
• Remuneration and benefits in cash or in any form;
• Income from the transfer of the national Internet domain name “.vn”;
• Income from the transfer of greenhouse gas emission reduction results and carbon credits;
• Income from the transfer of auctioned vehicle license plates in accordance with law;
• Income from the transfer of digital assets;
• Income from the transfer of gold bullion.

- Supplementing tax-exempt income items specified in Article 4, including:

• Income from dividends of cooperative members and agricultural cooperative unions, and income of individuals who are farmers entering into contracts with enterprises to participate in “large-scale field” programs, production forest planting, and aquaculture;
• Income from salaries and wages of foreign experts working for programs and projects funded by non-refundable official development assistance (ODA) or for foreign non-governmental programs and projects in Vietnam.

- Supplementing cases of personal income tax exemption and reduction specified in Article 5, including:

• Personal income tax exemption for a period of five years for income from salaries and wages of individuals who are high-quality human resources in the digital technology industry;
• Personal income tax exemption for the transfer of open-ended fund certificates established in accordance with securities law, provided that such certificates have been held for at least two years from the date of purchase;
• A 50% reduction of personal income tax for dividends distributed to individual investors from securities investment funds and real estate investment funds.

- Changes in personal income tax for incomes from business activities specified in Article 7, including:

• Increasing the annual revenue threshold not subject to personal income tax from VND 200 million to VND 500 million;
• Allowing business households and individuals to deduct expenses for tax calculation in the same manner as enterprises;
• Applying the tax rate of 5% to individuals leasing real estate.

Changes to the partially progressive tax tariff applicable to income from salaries and wages in Article 9: Reducing the number of tax brackets from 7 to 5, reducing the tax rate at bracket 2 from 15% to 10%, and reducing the tax rate at bracket 3 from 25% to 20%.